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Friday, March 13, 2009

CONGRATULATIONS ED 123 CLASS AND ED 308 CLASS 2008-2009!  WE MADE IT TO THE END OF THE SEMESTER WITH EVERYONE HAVING RENDERED THEIR SEMINARS.

NOW TO WORK ON THE CD PORTFOLIOS FOR THE ACCREDITATION EXHIBIT. 

REMINDER/POINTER:  GO OVER THE SYLLABI AND PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO THE OBJECTIVES' REQUIREMENTS.

TAKE CARE EVERYONE.  GOD BLESS.

MA'AM ALICE


Wednesday, January 07, 2009

ATTN.: CLASS ED 123
CLASS ED 308

FYI: Your latest request has reached me. Thanks for keeping me posted. Please see the changes on your respective syllabi and see if they are still working for you in your busy daily itineraries. Let me know by text message since that can be quicker sometimes. I may be out of town or tied up and may not be able to log in at times.

As to the reference pool: My suggestion is for you to provide your coursemates with hard copies. The submissions are highly staggered. I will wait till everyone has submitted and then log in to include the choices. Thanks.

Warm regards!

Ma'am Alice



SYLLABUS

Second Semester 2008-2009

EDUCATION 308
HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS [HBO]

Course Professor: Alice Fe D. Lavina, Ph.D., Ed.D.

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY
DUMAGUETE CITY 6200
NEGROS ORIENTAL
PHILIPPINES

Course Description

The inherent heterogeneity of human behavior in organizations may be further enriched by the mixture of cultures in them. The frameworks required to comprehend individual and collective human behavior in organizations will always be vast as more aspects come into view with the changing of the times. The elements to consider are numerous: the type of organization, diversity of individual beliefs and faith, diversity of individual cultures as affected by personal and communal upbringing, diversity of geographical and global cultures, leadership and managerial styles, the cultural beds for communication styles, motivation, policies, and politics. Due to the vastness of these frameworks, this course will explore the very core of human behavior in organizations to be realistic with the time allotment for the course.

First things firstly: Create your working bibliography/webliography of references and contribute to a truly accessible set of resources for this course. Search and listing date: Dec. 13, 2008
Submission date for collective listing: Dec. 20, 2008 [late enrollees may submit theirs by e-mail also]

Main references:
Human Behavior in Organizations by Paul R. Timm and Brent D. Peterson, 2000
Human Behavior in Organizations by Rodney C. Vandeveer and Michael L. Menefer,
2005
Journal of Management Studies
Phi Delta Kappa
+ Bibliography/webliography Pool by Professor and Students

Meeting place: S.U. Campus/Nutrition-H.E. Bldg [Reference: Ms. I. Ridad]
Day and Time: Friday, 5:30 to 8:30 P.M.

Course Objectives and timeline:

Focusing mainly on the very core of human behavior in organizations will mean focusing on the following course objectives [dates as assigned cooperatively by students with the course professor].

[1] Engage in the understanding of how the most basic of human needs are
satisfied in the organizational framework.
Date: January 16, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, class interaction on observations and experiences
Co-Facilitator: Irma

[2] Analyze how a new individual worker adjusts to a new workplace in order to fit.
Date: January 23, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, class interaction on observations and experiences;
drama/portrayals
Co-Facilitator: Charity

[3] Analyze how new workers are helped by other workers in order to belong.
Date: January 30, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, class interaction on observations and experiences;
drama/portrayals
Independent Assignment--due for reporting and dynamics on February 20, 2009

[4] Simulate observations from case studies focusing on human behavior for
adjustments in order to fit in the workplace.
Date: February 6, 2009
Requirement(s): readings
Independent assignment--due for reporting and dynamics on February 20, 2009

[5] Investigate in order to characterize human behavior of successful teams.
Date: February 13, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, independent research, 2-page paper [page 1 on the
characteristics, page 2 on the first three priority characteristics with
rationale for choices]
Independent Assignment--due for sharing on February 20, 2009
E-mail requirement by February 16, 2009

[6] Dramatize/Debate on interdependence in organizations.
Date: February 20, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, class debate: “Independence works with/clashes with
Interdependence”
Professor as referee and peacekeeper

[7] Create and share samples of communication pieces showing diversity in underlying
culture, values and faith
Date: February 27, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, Tandem-designing and presentation of samples
Co-Facilitator: Kati

[8] Design motivation scenarios in relation to real case studies.
Date: February 27, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, Tandem-designing and presentation of scenarios
Co-Facilitator: Fransina, Esther

[9] Focus on and critique decision-making strategies to see how human behavior plays
diverse roles.
Date: March 6, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, case studies presentations, copies of case studies to be
submitted to professor on same date as presentation
Co-Facilitator: Chat

[10] Design for role-play, conflict-resolution scenarios in relation to real case studies.
Date: March 6, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, dramatization and critique, scenarios are due as 2-page
reports
Independent assignments
Due on March 6, 2009 for submission by email

[11] Examine the relationship(s) between organizational structure, policies, politics and
culture.
Date: March 13, 2009
Requirement(s): readings, class interaction on observations and experiences
Co-Facilitator: Kati

[12] By round robin method: Create and present a complete summarized scenario of an organization. You may limit your presentation path within the bounds of the above objectives that you have fulfilled. You may go beyond what’s required so as to cover more aspects, to satisfy your perception of clarity. This requirement summarizes all topics above and as discovered beyond the lists.
Date: March 13, 2009
All students need to submit a CD portfolio with a PowerPoint presentation encoded and to include if possible, a full blown report of choice topics, notes and discoveries. These CD portfolios will be exhibited in the S.U. Exhibit Room for university guests and accreditors. CDs must be labeled with the compiler's name included.

All students serve as facilitators during the taking of turns.
Presentation dates: as above, in the role of facilitators/co-facilitators

*STUDENTS WHO HAVE NOT TAKEN THEIR CHOICE TOPICS AND DATES, PLEASE CHOOSE ASAP AND INFORM PROFESSOR TO COORDINATE*
Please communicate with your course professor in case of schedule conflicts or other challenges. Things like these can always be worked out with proper coordination. Dropping a course is not the best option. Working out a schedule in order to meet requirements is the better option.

+++++++++
During or by the end of this course, students are believed to have gained a better understanding of how the formal and informal elements in an organization work together for success, in the individual worker’s level to the collective groups of teams and the organization as a whole.

Reading and researching actively as guided by the topics is the best participatory approach to this course.

Active attendance [=actual presence and/or active work on assignments] is compulsory and it may mean working around each others’ schedules in order to enable everyone to meet requirements without demanding too much extra time twists on anyone. Independent assignments are privilege time allotments. These allotments are effective as used fully and well.

We will always be busy and what better time to finish a great course of study when busy. Busy-ness is a study of success in HBO so please take note --Communication is important!

GENERAL REFERENCE POOL
A list pool by post-grad students and course professor, 2nd sem 2008-2009
for ED 308: HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS
Note: References listed may be accessible via the S.U. library hard print holdings and/or the web. This is a dynamic and evolving list.

Adair, John. Developing Leaders: the Ten Key Principles. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill
(UK); Talbot Adair Press, 1988.

Andres, Tomas D. Leadership by Example. Quezon City: Apple's Lithographic and
Printing Services, 1989.

Belbin, M. Management Teams: Why They Succeed or Fail. London: Heinemann,
1981.

Burns, J. M. Leadership. NY: Harper and Row, 1978.

Corbin, H. Dan. Recreation Leadership. 2d ed. N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1959.

Fernando, Ajith. Leadership: Lifestyle. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers,
1985.

Foster, W. Towards a Critical Practice of Leadership, in J. Smyth (ed) Critical
Perspectives on Educational Leadership. London: Falmer Press, 1989.

Gamilde, Daisy G. The Art of Leadership. __________________________________.

Guirdham, M. Interpersonal Skills at Work. NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990.

Hargrove, Erwin C. Presidential Leadership : Personality and Political Style. NY:
Macmillan, 1966.

Hayes, J. Interpersonal Skills: Goal-Directed Behavior at Work. London: Harper
Collins, 1991.

Heisler, W. J., W.D. Jones and P.O. Benham, Jr. Managing Human Resources Issues:
Confronting Challenges and Choosing Options. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Publishers, 1988.

Hershey, Paul and Kenneth Blanchard. Management of Organizational Behavior, 5th ed.
NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

Herzberg, Frederick. Work and the Nature of Man. Cleveland: World, 1966.

Hunt, J. W. Managing People at Work: A Manager’s Guide to Behavior in
Organizations. London: McGraw-Hill, 1980.

Kotter, John P. Leading Change. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press,
1996.

Leas, Speed B. Leadership & conflict. Nashville : Abingdon Press, 1982.

Leveriza, Jose P. Supervisory Leadership. Manila: National Book Store, 1990.

Lipham, J. Leadership and Administration, in E.E. Griffiths (ed). Behavioral Science
and Educational Administration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1964.

Locke, E.A. Towards a theory of task motivation and incentives, Organizational
Behavior and Human Performance, 3: 157- 189, 1968.

Locke, E.A. and Latham, G.P. Work Motivation: the High Performance Cycle, in U.
Kleinbeck, Quest H. and H. Hacker (eds). Work Motivation. Brighton: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 1990.

Lunenburg, Fred C. and Allan C. Ornstein. Educational Administration: Concepts and
Practices. United States of America: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, Inc., 1991.
2004.

Luthans, Fred, Richard M. Hodgetts, and Stuart A. Rosenkrantz. Real Managers. MA:
Ballinger, 1988.

Mailick, Sidney. Concepts and Issues in Administrative Behavior / Sidney Mailick,
Edward H. Van Ness -- Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1962.

Management Sciences for Health. Managers Who Lead. MA: Management Sciences
for Health, 2005.

Maslow, A. A theory of work motivation. Psychological Review, 50 (4): 370 – 396.

Maslow, A. Motivation and Personality. NY: Harper and Row, 1954.

McGregor, Douglas. The Human Side of Enterprise. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1960.

Mullins, L. J. Management and Organization Behavior. (3d ed). London: Pitman, 1993.

Likert, Rensis. From Production and Employee-Centeredness to Systems 1 – 4 in
Journal of Management, 5 [147-156], 1979.

Likert, Rensis and Jane Gibson. New Ways of Managing Conflict. NY: McGraw-Hill,
1976.

Pondy, L. R. Leadership is a language game in M. W. McCall Jr. and M.M. Lombardo
(eds). Leadership: Where Else Can We Go/ Durham, NC: Duke University
Press, 1978.

Riches, C. and C. Morgan. Human Resource Management in Education. Milton
Keynes: Open University Press, 1989.

Saymo, Apolinario S. What kind of leader are you? ____________________________.

Sowell, T. A Conflict of Visions. NY: William Morrow, 1987.

Steers, Richard M., Lyman W. Porter and Gregory A. Bigley. Motivation and Leadership
at Work. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

Tannenbaum, Robert. Leadership and Organization : A Behavioral Science Approach.
NY: McGraw-Hill, 1961..

Vroom, V. H. Work and Motivation. NY: John Wiley, 1964.

Zaleznik, Abraham. Human dilemmas of leadership / Abraham Zaleznik -- New York:
Harper & Row, 1966.

+++++++++++++
CLASS DIRECTORY
Students’ full names:_________________________________
last, first, M.I.
Cell phone number ___________________________________ Landline if available: ____________________

e-mail address _________________________________________

Other notes




++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

SYLLABUS

Second Semester 2008 - 2009

ED 123
THEORIES AND PRACTICES
OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Alice Fe D. Lavina, Ph.D., Ed.D.
Course Professor

SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY
DUMAGUETE CITY 6200
NEGROS ORIENTAL
PHILIPPINES


COURSE DESCRIPTION
Educational management is a highly esteemed and widely applied professional function that ensures the achievement of the goals of institutions that cater to the needs of learning communities of children and adults. The power vested in professional educational managers is focused on supporting and enabling learning. Successful educational management hinges on high quality leadership. The facets of this merge are continually theorized upon in the never-ending search for the best fit. It is generally known that managers of educational institutions, when practicing high quality leadership, are more able to achieve educational improvement and even change for the betterment of educational institutions.

This course requires students to investigate successful educational management to identify its facets in order to characterize its standards and benchmarks of achievement. Along with this focal requirement, the course will reflect on success and failure stories via the following:

• case studies for comparisons and contrasts of management styles
• case studies for comparisons and contrasts of leadership styles
• case studies of merged managerial and leadership pathways
• vision, mission and goal setting, orientation and implementation
• strategic planning and evaluation
• culture of the educational environment
• culture of the supporting communities
• data-base of research and applications within and without the institution
• growth and development curves in relation to theories and practices
• growth and reform implementations via managerial power
• growth and reform implementations through leadership power

Students will create their own success scenarios of educational management. Characterizations are research-based and are presented with evidence.

Objectives/Requirements: Students
1. Interact in a simulation press conference arena, on the various theories and practices of educational management.
2. Submit two case studies [2 pages or not more than 4 pages] to compare and/ or contrast two different real settings showing the merge of educational management and leadership.
3. Conduct a seminar on the above case studies.
4. Create for submission, a 2-page [or not more than 4 pages], analysis paper on the growth and reform success of two educational institutions, one public and one private; through the eyes of culture of the work/learning environment and the culture of the supporting communities. The settings in item 2 above may be used for this requirement.
5. Create an evaluation form that monitors the sustenance of success of educational management and leadership, the need for improvement/reform as the case may be; and which includes points of reflection for strategic goal-setting.
6. Submit a CD portfolio of all of the above requirements at the last meeting of the semester or nolater than March 14, 2009. This requirement should not be e-mailed. These CD portfolios will be submitted to the VPAA cc COE-COE Dean for possible inclusion in the Silliman University Exhibit Rooms.

Schedule [Session number assignments may vary according to school calendar breaks and the work schedules of students]
Session 1: Introduction, course orientation and assignments; bibliography and Webliography pool--November 22, 2008--note: "Better late than never"---email yours to course professor now!
Sessions 2 & 3: Objective 1--November 29, 2008, December 6, 2008
Session 3 & 4: Objective 2-- Independent research work/survey/interview--December 13 and 20, 2008
Session 5: Objective 2 -- Submit the case studies by email for review by professor--January 10, 2009
Session 6: Objective 3 -- two to three students conduct Objective 3 seminars--January 17, 2009 by Dessa
Session 7: Objective 3 -- two to three students conduct Objective 3 seminars--January 24, 2009 by Marvelous, -- January 31, 2009 by Sr. Joanna and Connie, Esther's report rescheduled as requested, to be on February 21, 2009
Session 7 & 8: Objective 4 -- Independent research work/survey/interview--February 7 and 14, 2009
Session 9 & 10: Objective 4 -- Submissions for reflective discussion in class--February 21, 2009
Session 11: Objective 5 -- Independent research work/survey/interview--February 28, 2009
Session 12 to 13: Objective 5 -- Submission for critique, defense and reflective discussion--March 7, 2009
Session 14: Objective 6 -- March 14, 2009--Final touchdowns, submissions and round robin discussion arenas on the following topics:
a. merging management and leadership for
educational change and improvement
b. resource management in centralized systems
c. resource management in decentralized systems
d. comparisons and contrasts: centralized vs. decentralized systems, benefits and negatives
e. educational policies—construction and action
f. development of leadership and management insights
g. 4-V-merge Pathway: vision, values, virtues, victory

Main Texts/References:
Bush, T. Theories of Educational Management. London: Sage, 2003.
Cuban, L. The Managerial Imperative and the Practice of Leadership in
Schools. NY: State University of New York Press, 1988.

Meeting place: S.U. Computer Studies Bldg./Reference: Dean Dave Marcial
Day and Time: Saturday, 8:30 to 11:30 A.M.

REFERENCE POOL
A list pool* by post-grad students and course professor, 2nd sem 2008-2009
for ED 123: Theories and Practices of Educational Management

WEBLIOGRAPHY and BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bush, Tony. Theories of Educational Management @ http://cnx.org/content/m13867/latest/

Emerald: Article Request - Theories of Educational Leadership and ...Book Review:
Theories of Educational Leadership and Management ... Journal:. International
Journal of Educational Management ...@ www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/view

Global Media Publications: Educational Management: Theory and ... @
https://www.gmpublications.com/product_info.php

Kotelnikov, Vadim, Effective Leadership @ http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/leadership_main.html

Norton, M. Scott. Executive Leadership for Effective Administration @
http://cnx.org/content/m13867/latest/

Raelin, Joseph A., Theory and practice: Their roles, relationship, and limitations in advanced management education @
http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/bushor/v36y1993i3p85-89.html

Reconceptualizing the Self-managing School by Brian J. Caldwell // Educational
Transformations Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia, @
brian@educationaltransformations.com.au

The Strategies of a Leader @
http://www.vtaide.com/png/ERIC/Leadership-Strategies.htm

Adair, John. Developing Leaders: the Ten Key Principles. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill (UK):Talbot
Adair Press, 1988.

Bolman, L. & Deal, T. Modern Approaches to Understanding and Managing Organizations. San
Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1984.

Calabrese, Raymond L. Leadership Through Excellence: Professional Growth for School
Leaders. Mass.: Allyn and Bacon, 2000.

Campbell-Evans, G. A Values Perspective on School-based Management. In C. Dimmock (Ed.),
School-based Management and School Effectiveness. London: Routledge,1993.

Covey, Stephen R. The 8th Habit From Effectiveness to Greatness. [NY?]: Free Press. 1989.
Cuban, L. The Managerial Imperative and the Practice of Leadership in Schools. Albany, NY:University of New York Press,1988.

Dimmock, C. & Walker, A. School Leadership in Context – Societal and Organizational Cultures. In T. Bush and L. Bell (Eds.). The Principles and Practice of Educational Management. London: Paul Chapman, 2002b.

Famularo, Joseph J. Handbook of Modern Personnel Administration. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1972.

Fullan, Michael. Leadership & Sustainability: System Thinkers in Action. CA: Corwin Press, 2005.

Granger, Robert L. Educational Leadership: an Interdisciplinary Perspective. Scranton, Pa.: Intext Educational, 1971.

Greenfield, T. B. Theory About Organisations: a New Perspective and Its Implications for Schools, in M. Hughes (Ed.) Administering Education: International Challenge. London: Athlone Press,1975.

Lambert, Linda. Building Leadership Capacity in School. Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1998.

Lavina, Alice Fe D. Leadership Styles in Multicultural Educational Institutions in the Republic of Korea: Comparing, Contrasting and Constructing Innovative Models Through Historical Critical Analysis and Philosophical Speculation. Santa Ana, CA: California Coast University, 1999.

Lunenburg, Fred C. and Allan C. Ornstein. Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices. United States of America: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, Inc. 2004.

Mitchell, John G, Re-visioning Educational Leadership : A Phenomenological Approach. NY: Garland Pub., 1990.

Middlewood, D. and J. Lumby (Eds.), Strategic Management in Schools and Colleges. London: Paul Chapman, _____.

Open University Press. Educational Management: Strategy, Quality and Resources -- Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.

Peters, Tom and Nancy P. Austin. . A Passion for Excellence: the Leadership Difference. NY : Random House, Inc., 1985.

Pitner, N. J., & Ogawa, R. T. Organizational Leadership: The Case of the School Superintendent. Educational Administration Quarterly,1989.

Razik, Taher and Austin. D. Swanson. Fundamental Concepts of Educational Leadership and Management. N.J.: Merrill/Prentice Hall,1995.

Razik, Taher and Austin D. Swanson. Fundamental concepts of educational leadership. 2d ed. N.J. : Merrill-Prentice Hall, 2001.

Regional Seminar on the Application of Modern Management Techniques to Educational Administration, New Delhi, November 2-12, 1970: A Report. New Delhi: Asian Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, 1971.
Rivera, Maximiano M. Leadership in Educational Administration, ____________________.

Sarthory, Joseph A. ed. Educational Leadership, Renewal, and Planning : A Synthesis. NY: MSS Information Corp.,1974.

Sergiovanni, Thomas J. Value-added Leadership : How to Get Extraordinary Performance in Schools. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990.

Sergiovanni, Thomas J. and David L. Elliot. Educational and Organizational Leadership in Elementary Schools. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Short, Paula M. and John T. Greer. Leadership in Empowered Schools: Themes from Innovative Efforts / Paula M. Short, John T. Greer. N.J.: Merrill, an imprint of Prentice Hall, 1997.

Sison, Perfecto S. Personnel Management: Principles and Practices. Manila: Personnel Management Association of the Philippines. 1965.

Tan, B.J.B and R.R. Diao. Teacher Evaluation: A Strategic Perspective for Learning Excellence. Philippines: Silliman Press, 2007.

Tucker, Allan. Chairing the Academic Department: Leadership Among Peers. 2d ed. -- NY: American Council on Education; Macmillan Publishing Co.,1984.

Umans, Shelley. The Management of Education: A Systematic Design for Educational Revolution. N.Y.: Doubleday,1970 and 1971.

Weber, C. A. and M. E. Weber. Fundamental of Educational Leadership. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1955.

Willower, D.J. Contemporary Issues in Theory in Educational Administration, Educational Administration Quarterly, 16: 3, 1-25, 1980.

*a dynamic, evolving list
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Other requirements:
Regular attendance [=active research and/or class participation as the case may be] of sessions
On-time submissions of requirements

+++++++++++++++++++
Class Roster
Complete Names:_________________________________________
Last First Middle Initial

Best way to communicate: cell, landline or e-mail? Cell number_____________________ and /or landline, if available________________________________________________

E-mail address ___________________________________

Other notes













Wednesday, November 12, 2008

Hi folks! It's been a really really long time. I apologize. Please visit
http://www.baseiqeq.com
also
www.xanga.com/IQEQ
Enjoy!


Thursday, June 12, 2008

SCAM SPAM OR TRUE?

HI FRIENDS,

EVEN MY APOLOGIES ARE STALE SINCE I'VE BEEN STAYING AWAY FROM BLOGGING FOR TOO LONG IN BETWEEN. JUST PLAIN BUSY! NOW THAT I HAVE THIS RARE CHANCE, TAKE A LOOK AT THESE ITEMS WHICH WERE RECEIVED BY SOMEONE I KNOW VERY WELL IN THE E-MAIL.  WHAT DO YOU THINK?

THESE DOCUMENTS LOOK QUITE PROFESSIONAL AND ONE CAN'T HELP IT BUT BELIEVE---ALMOST.  THESE DAYS WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL, SELECTIVE ANALYSTS, RIGHT? 

SCAM SPAMMERS, IF THINGS LIKE THESE ARE A SCAM SENT AS SPAM--SHOULD SELECT THEIR VICTIMS MORE CAREFULLY BECAUSE MANY ALREADY HAVE VISAS OR GREEN CARDS!!!

MY FRIEND SAYS THAT TRYING TO PRINT THESE DOCUMENTS WAS A FUTILE EFFORT. RIGHT AWAY A MICROSOFT MESSAGE WINDOW WOULD APPEAR DECLARING SOME KIND OF ERROR. THEN THE SYSTEM WOULD SWITCH OFF AFTER HITTING THE BUTTON "DON'T SEND" [ERROR REPORT].

BUT! AFTER FIGURING OUT A WAY OF MAKING THESE DOCUMENTS KNOWN AND SEEN, FRIEND TOOK PHOTOS SO HERE THEY ARE.  WHAT DO YOU THINK?  SCAM SPAM OR TRUE?

TRUE OR SCAM SPAM

TRUE OR SCAM

SPAM OR TRUE

SCAM OR TRUE

 

 



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